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Alternative splicing of inner-ear-expressed genes

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2016年 第10卷 第3期   页码 250-257 doi: 10.1007/s11684-016-0454-y

摘要：

Alternative splicing plays a fundamental role in the development and physiological function of the inner ear. Inner-ear-specific gene splicing is necessary to establish the identity and maintain the function of the inner ear. For example, exon 68 of Cadherin 23 (Cdh23) gene is subject to inner-ear-specific alternative splicing, and as a result, Cdh23(+68) is only expressed in inner ear hair cells. Alternative splicing along the tonotopic axis of the cochlea contributes to frequency tuning, particularly in lower vertebrates, such as chickens and turtles. Differential splicing of Kcnma1, which encodes for the α subunit of the Ca2+-activated K+ channel (BK channel), has been suggested to affect the channel gating properties and is important for frequency tuning. Consequently, deficits in alternative splicing have been shown to cause hearing loss, as we can observe in Bronx Waltzer (bv) mice and Sfswap mutant mice. Despite the advances in this field, the regulation of alternative splicing in the inner ear remains elusive. Further investigation is also needed to clarify the mechanism of hearing loss caused by alternative splicing deficits.

关键词： alternative splicing     inner ear     hearing loss     hair cells    

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Spatiotemporal expression of Ezh2 in the developing mouse cochlear sensory epithelium

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2016年 第10卷 第3期   页码 330-335 doi: 10.1007/s11684-016-0459-6

摘要：

The enhancer of zeste 2 polycomb repressive complex 2 subunit (Ezh2) is a histone-lysine N-methyltransferase enzyme that participates in DNA methylation. Ezh2 has also been reported to play crucial roles in stem cell proliferation and differentiation. However, the detailed expression profile of Ezh2 during mouse cochlear development has not been investigated. Here, we examined the spatiotemporal expression of Ezh2 in the cochlea during embryonic and postnatal development. Ezh2 expression began to be observed in the whole otocyst nuclei at embryonic day 9.5 (E9.5). At E12.5, Ezh2 was expressed in the nuclei of the cochlear prosensory epithelium. At E13.5 and E15.5, Ezh2 was expressed from the apical to the basal turns in the nuclei of the differentiating cochlear epithelium. At postnatal day (P) 0 and 7, the Ezh2 expression was located in the nuclei of the cochlear epithelium in all three turns and could be clearly seen in outer and inner hair cells, supporting cells, the stria vascularis, and spiral ganglion cells. Ezh2 continued to be expressed in the cochlear epithelium of adult mice. Our results provide the basic Ezh2 expression pattern and might be useful for further investigating the detailed role of Ezh2 during cochlear development.

关键词： polycomb repressive complex     Ezh2     expression     inner ear     cochlea     development    

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Role of Wnt and Notch signaling in regulating hair cell regeneration in the cochlea

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2016年 第10卷 第3期   页码 237-249 doi: 10.1007/s11684-016-0464-9

摘要：

Sensory hair cells in the inner ear are responsible for sound recognition. Damage to hair cells in adult mammals causes permanent hearing impairment because these cells cannot regenerate. By contrast, newborn mammals possess limited regenerative capacity because of the active participation of various signaling pathways, including Wnt and Notch signaling. The Wnt and Notch pathways are highly sophisticated and conserved signaling pathways that control multiple cellular events necessary for the formation of sensory hair cells. Both signaling pathways allow resident supporting cells to regenerate hair cells in the neonatal cochlea. In this regard, Wnt and Notch signaling has gained increased research attention in hair cell regeneration. This review presents the current understanding of the Wnt and Notch signaling pathways in the auditory portion of the inner ear and discusses the possibilities of controlling these pathways with the hair cell fate determiner Atoh1 to regulate hair cell regeneration in the mammalian cochlea.

关键词： inner ear     cochlea     hair cell     regeneration     Wnt     Notch     signaling pathways    

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Unidirectional and stage-dependent roles of Notch1 in Wnt-responsive Lgr5

Hui Jiang, Shan Zeng, Wenli Ni, Yan Chen, Wenyan Li

《医学前沿（英文）》 2019年 第13卷 第6期   页码 705-712 doi: 10.1007/s11684-019-0703-y

摘要： Wnt and Notch signaling play crucial roles in the determination of the prosensory domain and in the differentiation of hair cells (HCs) and supporting cells during mouse inner ear development; however, the relationship between the two signaling pathways in the mouse cochlea remains largely unknown. Here, we investigated the interactions between Notch and Wnt signaling on the basis of the bidirectional regulation of Notch1 specifically in Wnt-responsive Lgr5 progenitors during different cochlear development stages. We found that the downregulation of Notch1 in Lgr5 cells from embryonic day (E) 14.5 to E18.5 can drive the quiescent Lgr5 cells to re-enter the cell cycle and differentiate into extra HCs, whereas the upregulation of Notch1 expression did not affect the proliferation or differentiation of otic progenitor cells. No effect was observed on the upregulation or downregulation of Notch1 in Lgr5 cells from E10.5 to E14.5. We concluded that the roles of Notch1 in Wnt-responsive Lgr5 cells are unidirectional and stage dependent and Notch1 serves as a negative regulator for Lgr5 progenitor activation during cochlear differentiation. Our findings improved the understanding of the interactions between Notch and Wnt signaling in cochlear development.

关键词： inner ear     cochlear     Wnt     Notch     Lgr5     auditory system    

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Effects of inner sleeves on the inner frictional resistance of open-ended piles driven into sand

Janaka J. KUMARA,Yoshiaki KIKUCHI,Takashi KURASHINA,Takahiro YAJIMA

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2016年 第10卷 第4期   页码 499-505 doi: 10.1007/s11709-016-0335-0

摘要： In open-ended piles, inner friction is developed between inner pile shaft and the inner soil. Inner frictional resistance depends largely on the degree of soil plugging, which is influenced by many factors including pile diameter, relative density and end conditions of piles. In this paper, effects of inner sleeves on inner frictional resistance are discussed. The experiments were conducted on a medium-dense sandy ground using laboratory-scale piles. It was observed that the piles penetrated under partially-plugged or unplugged state. The results suggest that inner frictional resistance, increases with sleeve height, linearly and requires 2 ( is pile outer diameter) of to produce a large as 50% of by ( is total resistance). The results also indicate that bearing capacity increases with wall thickness at the pile tip, which can be attributed to the increase in annular area. The results also indicate that soil plug height is independent of sleeve height. The results also reveal that the penetration of straight piles is closer to unplugged state than the sleeved piles. The results of incremental filling ratio and plug length ratio also indicate that the degree of soil plugging is affected by the sleeve height.

关键词： bearing capacity     inner frictional resistance     inner sleeve     open-ended piles     soil plugging    

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Driving mechanisms of desertification process in the Horqin Sandy Land-a case study in Zhalute Banner, Inner

TANG Haiping, CHEN Yufu, LI Xinyu

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2008年 第2卷 第4期   页码 487-493 doi: 10.1007/s11783-008-0061-5

摘要： Both natural and human factors contributing to desertification were examined to understand the driving mechanisms of the desertification process in Zhalute Banner, Inner Mongolia of China. The coefficient of variation () and climate departure index () were calculated to examine the fluctuations and trends of inter-annual variations of temperature and precipitation; TM remote sensing data was extracted to obtain the sandy land area; linear regression analysis was used to analyze climate changes and the socio-economic evolution over the years, and it was also used to standardize the variables, which included annual temperature, annual precipitation, human population, and livestock number, in order to measure the difference in the rate of change between climate and anthropogenic factors. The results showed that there was a rise of about 1.6°C in temperature but no significant change in precipitation from 1961 to 2000, which indicated a short-term climatic trend toward aridity in this area, a condition necessary for desertification. The fraction of precipitation in spring tended to increase whilst the fraction in autumn and winter decreased. Both the human population and livestock population had tripled and the cultivated area had doubled from 1961 to 2000, suggesting that socio-economic factors might have contributed more significantly to the desertification. Between 1988 and 1997, the sandy land area increased by 12.5%, nearly 2.4 times in the farming section. It could be concluded that the driving mechanisms of the desertification processes in Zhalute banner are mainly the policy of cropland expansion and the rising populations of humans and their livestock, which has affected the land use pattern in the past decades.
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Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Microplastics in Snow in the Inner Mongolia Plateau, China

Hongwei Yu,Junrong Shao,Huawei Jia,Diga Gang,Baiwen Ma,Chengzhi Hu,

《工程（英文）》 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2023.02.007

摘要： Microplastics (MPs; < 5 mm) have become one of the most prominent global environmental pollution problems. MPs can spread to high altitudes through atmospheric transport and can be deposited by rainfall or snowfall, potentially threatening the structure and function of natural ecosystems. MPs in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems alter the growth and functional characteristics of organisms. However, little attention has been given to the possible harm associated with MPs deposited in snow, particularly in the context of global climate warming. MPs collected from surface snow in the Inner Mongolia Plateau, China, were used for quantitative analysis and identification. The results showed that MPs were easily detected, and the related concentration was approximately 68 ± 10–199 ± 22 MPs·L−1 in snow samples. Fibers were the most common morphology, the polymer composition was largely varied, and the abundance and composition of MPs were linked to human activity to a great extent. High-throughput sequencing results showed that the composition and abundance of microorganisms also differed in snow samples from areas with different MP pollution characteristics, indicating a considerable difference in microbial functional diversity. MPs may have an interference effect on the individual growth and functional expression of microorganisms in snow. In addition, the results showed that functional living areas (e.g., landfills and suburban areas) in cities play an important role in the properties of MPs. For instance, the highest abundance of MPs was found in thermal power plants, whereas the abundance of polymers per sample was significantly lower in landfills. The MP contaminants hidden in snow can alter microbial structure and function and are therefore a potential threat to ecosystem health.

关键词： Human activities     Snow     Microplastics     Microbial community     Urban function     Environmental effect    

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钢筒内衬爆炸水井设计中的几个动力学问题研究

顾文彬,陈学平,刘建青

《中国工程科学》 2013年 第15卷 第10期   页码 71-79

摘要：

以3 kg 2，4，6-三硝基甲苯（TNT）炸药在内径和深度均为11 m的内衬钢筒混凝土围堰爆炸水井中的爆炸为研究对象，数值模拟研究了筒壁厚度、混凝土围堰厚度对钢筒受力与变形的影响，以及水井内设置气泡帷幕对提高设施安全性等爆炸水井设计中关注的几个动力学问题。结果表明：水井内水中爆炸冲击波参数与P. Cole公式计算结果基本吻合；钢筒内壁不利的受力与形变部位都出现在装药中心水平线以下的筒体部位，直到壁厚达到50 mm时距筒底1.60 m处等效塑性应变仍可达到0.001 6，不满足强度理论判断条件；取钢筒厚度为20 mm，外加0.5 m厚混凝土围堰时，内衬钢筒爆炸水井符合安全性强度设计要求；在水井底部设置半径为4.9 m、厚度为0.05 m气泡帷幕时，可使筒壁处的冲击波压力峰值降低40.6 %；对于壁厚为20 mm的钢筒，采用气泡帷幕衰减冲击波措施时，混凝土围堰厚度达到0.35 m就能满足安全性设计要求。上述结论可为内衬钢筒爆炸水井结构设计和安全性评估提供方法及依据。

关键词： 内衬钢筒爆炸水井设计     动力学分析     应力应变响应     数值模拟研究     气泡帷幕     混凝土围堰    

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The ecological adaptability of cloned sheep to free-grazing in the Tengger Desert of Inner Mongolia,

Xinxin LI,Huijuan WANG,Guanghua SU,Zhuying WEI,Chunling BAI,Wuni-MENGHE,Yanhui HOU,Changqing YU,Shorgan BOU,Guangpeng LI

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2014年 第1卷 第3期   页码 191-200 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2014029

摘要： Since the birth of the first cloned sheep, somatic cell nuclear transfer technology has been successfully used to clone a variety of mammals. Cloned livestock have no apparent health risks, and the quality and safety of the cloned animal products are similar to non-cloned animals. The social behavior and environmental adaptability of postnatal cloned animals, especially when used for grassland farm production purposes, is unknown. In the present study, the cloned Dorper sheep equipped with GPS location devices were free-grazed in a harsh natural environment similar to conditions commonly experienced by Mongolian sheep. The main findings of this research were as follows. (1) Under free-grazing conditions, the cloned sheep showed excellent climatic and ecological adaptability. In extreme temperature conditions ranging from -30 to 40°C, the cloned sheep maintained acceptable body condition and behaved as other sheep. (2) The cloned sheep quickly adapted from a herd feeding strategy to the harsh environment and quickly exhibited a grazing regimen as other free-grazing sheep. (3) The cloned sheep exhibited free-grazing patterns and social behavior as other sheep. (4) The cloned sheep in the harsh environment thrived and produced healthy lambs. Overall, the cloned Dorper sheep exhibited excellent ecological adaptation, which is an important consideration for breeding meat sheep by cloning. The Dorper sheep readily adapted to the free-grazing conditions on the Mongolian plateau grassland, which attests to their ability to withstand harsh environmental conditions.

关键词： somatic cell nuclear transfer     free-grazing synchronization     Dorper sheep     cloned animal ecology    

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陶瓷中空纤维内表面制备聚二甲基硅氧烷复合膜——从单通道到多通道 Article

董孜业, 朱海鹏, 杭颖婷, 刘公平, 金万勤

《工程（英文）》 2020年 第6卷 第1期   页码 89-99 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2019.10.012

摘要：

在中空纤维载体内表面沉积分离层制备中空纤维复合内膜为其工业应用提供更多机遇，然而目前仍面临诸多挑战。本文提出通过涂覆/错流法在单通道或多通道陶瓷中空纤维内表面制备聚二甲基硅氧烷（PDMS）复合膜。通过控制聚合物浓度和涂覆时间，优化了PDMS／陶瓷中空纤维复合内膜的纳米结构和分离性能。分别用场发射电镜（FE-SEM）、傅里叶红外光谱（ATR-FTIR）、纳米压痕/划痕技术和渗透气化回收生物丁醇测试表征了膜的形貌、表面化学性质、界面结合力和分离性能。系统研究了陶瓷中空纤维内表面PDMS膜层的形成机理。优化的PDMS/陶瓷中空纤维复合内膜具有薄且无缺陷的分离层，用于60 ℃下1 wt％正丁醇-水混合物分离，通量高达约1800 g·m–2·h–1，分离因子为35~38。本文提出涂覆/错流的简便方法用于制备中空纤维内表面涂层，显现出巨大潜力，在膜材料、吸附剂、复合材料等领域具有广泛应用前景。

关键词： 陶瓷中空纤维     内膜     渗透汽化     聚二甲基硅氧烷     丁醇    

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Effects of sucrose crystallization and moisture migration on the structural changes of a coated intermediate moisture food

Tiancheng LI, Peng ZHOU, Theodore P. LABUZA

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2009年 第3卷 第4期   页码 346-350 doi: 10.1007/s11705-009-0256-8

摘要： The purpose of this study was to investigate whether moisture migration and sugar crystallization play an important role in the changes of IMF matrix structure. The migration of water was monitored with changes of water activity in different physical domains of samples during storage, while the crystallization of sucrose was determined with X-ray powder diffraction (XRD). The formation of both a hard inner-layer and agglomerated particles in the inner matrix was observed during storage. Our results suggested that both moisture loss and sucrose crystallization were mainly responsible for the formation of the crusty intermediate inner layer, and the agglomerated matrix particles were the result of sucrose crystallization.

关键词： inner-layer     agglomerated     IMF     moisture migration     crystallization    

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基于多边形的麦穗生长建模 Special Feature on Virtual Reality-Research Articl

Jun-xiao XUE, Chen-yang SUN, Jun-jin CHENG, Ming-liang XU, Ya-fei LI, Shui YU

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2019年 第20卷 第9期   页码 1175-1184 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1800702

摘要： 采用作物建模技术构建小麦仿真模型，对监测小麦生长、分析小麦生长态势等工作有重要意义和价值。针对小麦麦穗的生长过程建模问题，提出一种基于多边形的麦穗生长建模方法。该方法包括麦穗的多边形建模和生长过程插值。首先将麦穗的外稃和内稃表示成可编辑的多边形模型，然后利用球形插值和线性插值建立麦穗的生长过程模型。所设计的球形插值对麦穗中麦粒生长过程中的角度变化进行建模，线性插值对麦穗中麦粒生长过程中的大小变化进行建模。数值仿真结果表明，该方法可建立高效的麦穗生长模型。

关键词： 视觉检测；虚拟作物；三维建模    

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Inner strain determination of three-dimensional braided preforms with co-braided optical fiber sensors

LI Xianghua, LIU Xiaohui, YUAN Shenfang

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2008年 第3卷 第4期   页码 416-420 doi: 10.1007/s11465-008-0062-x

摘要： The experimental characterization of three-dimensional (3-D) braided composites is extremely important for their design and analysis. Because of their desirable attributes and outstanding performance, optical fiber sensors (OFSs) can be embedded to monitor mechanical properties of textile composites. This paper discusses two techniques to incorporate different OFSs into 3-D braided composite preforms. The operating principle of various sensor systems is first conducted. Experiments using Michelson interferometers, FBG sensors, and micro-bend sensors are performed to verify the concept of the proposed method. Strain curves of various OFSs tests are finally compared, and they all exhibit good linearity.

关键词： different     experimental characterization     three-dimensional     composite     micro-bend    

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Cyclic behavior of stiffened joints between concrete-filled steel tubular column and steel beam with narrow outer diaphragm and partial joint penetration welds

Chunyan QUAN,Wei WANG,Jian ZHOU,Rong WANG

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2016年 第10卷 第3期   页码 333-344 doi: 10.1007/s11709-016-0357-7

摘要： This paper presented an investigation on a stiffened joint in practical engineering which was between concrete-filled steel tubular column and steel beam with narrow outer diaphragm and partial joint penetration welds. Through the low-frequency cyclic loading test, the cyclic behavior and failure mode of the specimen were investigated. The results of the test indicated the failure mode and bearing capacity of the specimen which were influenced by the axial compression ratio of the concrete-filled tubular column. On the contrary, the inner diaphragm and inner stiffeners had limited impacts on the hysteretic behavior of the joint. There was no hysteresis damage fracture on the narrow outer diaphragm connected to the concrete-filled steel tubular column with partial joint penetration welds. Due to the excellent ductility and energy dissipating capacity, the proposed joint could be applied to the seismic design of high-rise buildings in highly intensive seismic region, but axial compression ratio should be controlled to avoid unfavorable failure modes.

关键词： narrow outer diaphragm     concrete-filled tubular column     joint     inner and outer stiffening     cyclic behavior    

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Speciation evolutions of target metals (Cd, Pb) influenced by chlorine and sulfur during sewage sludge incineration

Jingde LUAN,Rundong LI,Zhihui ZHANG,Yanlong LI,Yun ZHAO

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2014年 第8卷 第6期   页码 871-876 doi: 10.1007/s11783-013-0621-1

摘要： In sludge incineration, the thermal behavior of heavy metal is a growing concern. In this work, the combined analysis of metal partitioning behavior between vapor phase and condensed phase, speciation redistribution in condensed phase and the difference of metal species in binding energy was carried out to investigate the possible volatilization-condensation mechanism of heavy metals in high-temperature sludge incineration. It was found that there were two steps in metal volatilization. The initial volatilization of heavy metal originated from their exchangeable (EXC), carbonate bound (CAR) and iron–manganese bound (FM) fractions, which is primarily composed of simple substance, chlorides, oxides and sulfides. With the increase of chlorine and sulfur in sludge, the inner speciation redistribution of heavy metals occurred in condensed phase, which was an important factor affecting the potential volatility of heavy metals. A partial of metal species with complexed (COM) and residual (RES) fractions gradually decomposed into simple substance or ions, oxides and carbonates, which significantly strengthened the second volatility. In presence of chlorine, about 46% of Cd with the RES fraction disappeared when the volatility rate of Cd increased by 44.89%. Moreover, about 9% of Pb with COM fraction disappeared when there was an increase of nearly 10% in the volatilization rate. Thus, the second volatilization was mainly controlled by the decomposition of metal species with COM and RES fractions. By virtue of XRD analysis and the binding energy calculation, it was found that metal complex and silicates were inclined to decompose under high temperature due to poor thermo stability as compared with sulfates.

关键词： sludge incineration     heavy metals     inner speciation redistribution     binding energy    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Alternative splicing of inner-ear-expressed genes

null

期刊论文

Spatiotemporal expression of Ezh2 in the developing mouse cochlear sensory epithelium

null

期刊论文

Role of Wnt and Notch signaling in regulating hair cell regeneration in the cochlea

null

期刊论文

Unidirectional and stage-dependent roles of Notch1 in Wnt-responsive Lgr5

Hui Jiang, Shan Zeng, Wenli Ni, Yan Chen, Wenyan Li

期刊论文

Effects of inner sleeves on the inner frictional resistance of open-ended piles driven into sand

Janaka J. KUMARA,Yoshiaki KIKUCHI,Takashi KURASHINA,Takahiro YAJIMA

期刊论文

Driving mechanisms of desertification process in the Horqin Sandy Land-a case study in Zhalute Banner, Inner

TANG Haiping, CHEN Yufu, LI Xinyu

期刊论文

Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Microplastics in Snow in the Inner Mongolia Plateau, China

Hongwei Yu,Junrong Shao,Huawei Jia,Diga Gang,Baiwen Ma,Chengzhi Hu,

期刊论文

钢筒内衬爆炸水井设计中的几个动力学问题研究

顾文彬,陈学平,刘建青

期刊论文

The ecological adaptability of cloned sheep to free-grazing in the Tengger Desert of Inner Mongolia,

Xinxin LI,Huijuan WANG,Guanghua SU,Zhuying WEI,Chunling BAI,Wuni-MENGHE,Yanhui HOU,Changqing YU,Shorgan BOU,Guangpeng LI

期刊论文

陶瓷中空纤维内表面制备聚二甲基硅氧烷复合膜——从单通道到多通道

董孜业, 朱海鹏, 杭颖婷, 刘公平, 金万勤

期刊论文

Effects of sucrose crystallization and moisture migration on the structural changes of a coated intermediate moisture food

Tiancheng LI, Peng ZHOU, Theodore P. LABUZA

期刊论文

基于多边形的麦穗生长建模

Jun-xiao XUE, Chen-yang SUN, Jun-jin CHENG, Ming-liang XU, Ya-fei LI, Shui YU

期刊论文

Inner strain determination of three-dimensional braided preforms with co-braided optical fiber sensors

LI Xianghua, LIU Xiaohui, YUAN Shenfang

期刊论文

Cyclic behavior of stiffened joints between concrete-filled steel tubular column and steel beam with narrow outer diaphragm and partial joint penetration welds

Chunyan QUAN,Wei WANG,Jian ZHOU,Rong WANG

期刊论文

Speciation evolutions of target metals (Cd, Pb) influenced by chlorine and sulfur during sewage sludge incineration

Jingde LUAN,Rundong LI,Zhihui ZHANG,Yanlong LI,Yun ZHAO

期刊论文